With twisted and bizarre sets, eccentric acting and a dark psychological tone, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is a revolutionary piece of filmmaking whose presence can be felt throughout cinema history. As one of the first German Expressionist films, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is also one of the earliest examples of framed narrative [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame_story] and twist ending represented on film. A completely new way of approaching moving pictures, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is a must watch for lovers of the art of film.

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari begins with Francis (Friedrich Feher) describing a recent turmoil he suffered in his hometown. Flashing back to the beginning of the annual fair in Holstenwall, the mysterious Dr. Caligari (Werner Krauss) arrived to display his prized attraction; a somnambulist (sleepwalker) named Cesare (Conrad Veidt). A series of bizarre murders begin to take place, and the town is gripped with fear. Francis looses his best friend, Alan (Hans Heinrich von Twardowski), to the mysterious killer, and his fiancé, Jane (Lil Dagover), is stricken with shock after being kidnapped by the deranged madman.

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari

Director Robert Wiene tells his story in a way that is completely unique, and enthralling. Using jumpy movements by his actors, and interlacing the silent film with uniquely patterned title cards, Wiene is able to give his film a chilling consciousness. Using various iris wipes and colored film, Wiene can make it feel like the actors are manifestations of the film itself; almost like they are figures breaking free from the visual media, instead of being imprinted upon it. As with most silent films, Wiene’s colored film denotes various times of day and scene location: Blue/green for night, yellow for daytime, and a pink/red for the interior of Jane’s home. The distinction between these colored frames makes it easy to set the mood for a scene without unnecessary cards, or exposition.

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari

One of the most striking and revolutionary concepts of The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is its use of abstract sets and lighting. Hard angles, and impossible structures adorn the set, and each are painted with harsh lines and “shadows” in order to remove the need for extra lighting. With the camera steadily positioned, the actors move crookedly around their equally distorted environment, casting their own shadows, and interacting with the stationary lines of the set; therein creating images that are visually confusing, and adding to the film’s overall sense of unease. The unique lighting in Dr. Caligari would set the tone for other German Expressionist directors, and eventually lead to the Noir movement of the 1940′-50’s.

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari

An incredible achievement in stationary direction, Robert Wiene is able to tell his story without ever moving the camera. Able to create motion through quick cuts to other areas of the set, Wiene is able to create a pan where the camera “follows” the police while they chase their suspected killer through the dark streets. Using the iris wipe to delineate scene changes, Wiene also uses straight cuts to distinguish action or mood within a scene. Cutting to a “close up” of Francis’ face during discussions with police help us to understand how seriously he is taking the case, and cuts to the face of Jane are used to show her emotional distress at learning terrible news of Alan’s death.

Introducing filmmakers to the horror genre, and transforming the cinematic landscape, The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari is a masterpiece of silent cinema, whose enduring legacy and innovations can still be felt nearly one-hundred years later.

The Cabinet of Dr. Caligari can be watched HERE on YouTube and is streaming on Amazon Instant.

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