luni, 21 decembrie 2020

Bette Davis / 1908-1989

 





Le succès de Bette Davis tient moins à la perfection de ses traits qu’à un talent indéniable et à une rage de réussir hors du commun. Il est vrai qu’il s’en faut de beaucoup que la beauté de Bette Davis soit parfaite : des yeux bleus à fleur de tête, un front bombé, trop large, une bouche mince dont les commissures sont tournées vers le bas, son visage est loin de répondre aux canons hollywoodiens de la beauté idéale. C’est la première chose qu’elle apprit à son arrivée à Hollywood : alors qu’il était prévu que, dans son premier film, The bad sister de Hobart Henley, elle interprète le personnage d’une jeune fille coquette, courtisée par plusieurs jeunes hommes, elle fut informée au dernier moment que les studios avaient changé d’avis, qu’il lui était désormais attribué le rôle de la sœur de l’héroïne principale, une jeune fille effacée, puritaine, qui n’ose avouer sa flamme à l’élu de son cœur. C’est ainsi qu’elle connut dans la première moitié des années 1930 le destin des actrices qui ne peuvent prétendre incarner une image de séduction absolue : cantonnée à des rôles insignifiants dont le seul objet était de servir de faire-valoir à l’héroïne principale ou, dans le meilleur des cas, à un personnage de fille de mauvaise vie au grand cœur, Bette Davis ne put donner toute la mesure de son talent. Nombreux furent ceux qui, dans les années 1930, raillèrent son manque de sensualité dans les films qu’elle tourna pour la Warner. Au regard de débuts aussi décevants, l’étonnant est que Bette Davis soit devenue une star. Si, selon Edgar Morin, les traits distinctifs d’une star sont la beauté, la jeunesse et la sur-personnalité, il est clair que ce n’est pas grâce aux deux premiers que Bette Davis est parvenue à marquer de son empreinte le cinéma hollywoodien classique.

Bette Davis a mené sa carrière avec la même lucidité que celle qu’elle a communiqué aux personnages qu’elle a interprétés : ayant compris qu’elle ne pourrait jamais représenter l’image de la beauté immaculée ni incarner un fantasme érotique, elle a choisi, pour accéder à la notoriété, de transgresser les codes du glamour hollywoodien. De L’emprise à Femme aimée est toujours jolie en passant par La vie privée d’Elisabeth d’Angleterre, elle a réussi, par un maquillage outrancier, à se rendre effrayante de laideur. Des stars féminines de sa génération, elle se démarque en ce qu’elle est devenue célèbre non pas en sublimant mais en maltraitant son image. L’intelligence de Bette Davis est d’avoir mis son humiliation physique au service de ses personnages. Ainsi, l’enlaidissement qu’elle s’inflige dans Qu’est-il arrivé à Baby Jane ? confère une épaisseur humaine au personnage qui martyrise Joan Crawford qu’elle campe avec gourmandise. C’est que la laideur de l’héroïne à laquelle elle prête ses traits, outre qu’elle est le reflet de son désordre mental, est un des ressorts psychologiques de son sadisme. A la vision de la scène récurrente dans sa carrière dans laquelle elle contemple défaite le spectacle qu’offre son miroir, on réalise que nulle star féminine plus que Bette Davis n’a osé montrer combien était douloureuse la relation à son image. Rarement une star hollywoodienne aura à ce point signifié qu’elle n’aimait pas son physique. Ce rapport masochiste à son physique a contribué non seulement à humaniser les monstres qu’elle incarne mais en outre à accroître sa popularité en mettant en lumière ses complexes physiques.

A défaut de pouvoir incarner des héroïnes d’une beauté rayonnante, Bette Davis a construit sa carrière en interprétant des femmes à la beauté fanée. De la réticence de la plupart des actrices à se vieillir à l’écran, Bette Davis a tiré un profit considérable : les performances qu’elle a réalisées à peine âgée d’une trentaine d’années dans La vie privée d’Elisabeth d’Angleterre où elle paraît le double et dans La vipère où elle joue une mère de famille dont la fille a une vingtaine d’années, ont largement contribué à asseoir sa réputation d’actrice. Rares sont les comédiennes dont la personnalité les prédispose à incarner tous les âges de la vie : si, à force de représenter des figures d’ingénue, l’image qu’évoque des actrices comme Audrey Hepburn ou Teresa Wright est celle de la candeur de la jeunesse, le lot de Bette Davis a été de prêter ses traits à des femmes au couchant de leur vie. La façon dont elle a réussi à rendre sensible la vulnérabilité des personnages qu’elle a interprétés de vedettes tombées dans l’oubli (L’intruse, La star), taraudées par la peur de vieillir, est la meilleure preuve de son talent. La légende de Bette Davis tient pour beaucoup au relief qu’elle a donné dans Eve, le film célèbre de Mankiewicz, au personnage de Margo Channing, amoureuse d’un homme beaucoup plus jeune qu’elle, dont l’hystérie procède de sa hantise de la déchéance physique. Troublant est le plaisir qu’elle a pris non pas à cacher mais à arborer les outrages du temps. Jusqu’où est allé son désir de montrer combien la décrépitude de la vieillesse est hideuse, on le mesure à la vision de Qu’est-il arrivé à Baby Jane ? et de L’argent de la vieille où, par un usage grotesque du maquillage, par un fond de teint plâtreux, elle confère à son visage l’allure d’un masque effrayant. Si, de l’esthétique hollywoodienne du glamour, Bette Davis s’est émancipée, elle s’est en revanche rangée, en refusant de jeter un voile pudique sur la corruption de la chair, sous la bannière de la morale protestante qui enseigne que la beauté est un masque de vanité.

L’étonnant dans le succès de Bette Davis est qu’il s’est construit, à la différence de la plupart des stars féminines, sur l’image d’une femme inapte à l’amour. Nul doute que le public féminin s’est montré sensible au sort des héroïnes qu’elle a interprétées qui, faute d’une beauté ou d’une jeunesse éclatante, s’épuisent à trouver le chemin de l’amour. Ne faudrait-il qu’une preuve du féminisme de Bette Davis, on la trouverait dans le fait qu’elle a érigé son personnage de star sur les décombres de l’idée que l’amour est un sentiment consubstantiel à la nature féminine. Au nombre des rôles les plus marquants de sa carrière qui battent en brèche ce préjugé figurent ceux qu’elle a joués dans des films qui relèvent du mélodrame de la femme indépendante. Le propre de ce sous-genre hollywoodien est de mettre en scène une femme dont l’attitude infirme l’idée que la passivité est un attribut féminin. Que ce soient Julie Marsden dans L’insoumise, Judith Traherne dans Victoire sur la nuit ou Fanny Skeffington dans Femme aimée est toujours jolie, les héroïnes qu’elle incarne présentent le même profil psychologique : hyperactive, indépendante, intelligente, cassante, indocile, tout, dans leur caractère, indique qu’elles répugnent à se fondre dans le moule de la société conservatrice américaine.

Mais terrible est le châtiment qu’elles subissent pour avoir osé enfreindre les lois de la bienséance sociale. A l’exemple des héros tragiques, leur salut réside dans l’expiation de leur faute. L’objet du mélodrame de la femme indépendante n’est pas de faire l’éloge de l’émancipation féminine mais d’inciter les femmes à se réconcilier avec leur rôle social : enfin dessillées par l’épreuve qu’elles traversent, elles réalisent à l’approche de la mort que l’amour est leur raison d’être. Parce qu’elle relève d’un apprentissage tragique, les promoteurs du mélodrame de la femme indépendante portent un regard très sombre sur la féminité.

De l’audace, il en a fallu à Bette Davis pour interpréter des héroïnes indignes de tout pardon : si nombreuses sont les vedettes féminines à avoir représenté des personnages mus par une folie démoniaque (Gene Tierney dans Péché mortel, Jean Simmons dans Un si doux visage ), plus rares sont celles comme Bette Davis à avoir osé prêter leurs traits à des femmes en proie à une haine féroce. Celle-ci trouve sa source dans leur insatisfaction conjugale : Leslie Howard dans l’Emprise, Herbert Marshall dans La vipère, Joseph Cotten dans La garce, auxquels le destin les a liés, sont des hommes falots, faibles et crédules, sur lesquels plane l’ombre de l’impuissance. Regina Giddens dans La vipère et Rosa Moline dans La garce enragent que leur mari ne leur ait pas permis d’accomplir leur désir l’élévation sociale. Leur méchanceté ne procède ni d’une pulsion sadique ni d’un penchant naturel pour le vice mais d’un désir de vengeance. Réalisant que, en compensation de l’état d’infériorité dans lequel les place leur statut de femme mariée, elles n’ont reçu aucune gratification d’ordre sexuel ou narcissique, elles n’aspirent qu’à prendre leur revanche sur le sort que leur réserve leur mari qu’elles rendent responsables de leur malheur. Bien que commis de sang-froid, leur crime est une tentative désespérée d’échapper à l’univers carcéral du mariage. On est dès lors en droit d’interpréter leur entreprise criminelle comme un acte de rébellion contre l’aliénation à laquelle les condamne leur mariage. Que les ressorts qui animent Rosa Moline et Regina Giddens soient l’avidité et la cupidité, des vices présentés comme typiquement masculins dans le cinéma hollywoodien, est un des indices les plus probants de leur désir d’accéder par le crime au pouvoir symbolique masculin.

A la haine du couple s’ajoute chez les héroïnes maléfiques incarnées par Bette Davis la haine de la famille. De Rosa Moline qui se jette dans un ravin pour avorter à une meurtrière d’enfant (Confession à un cadavre) en passant par des femmes dépourvues de tout amour maternel (Femme aimée est toujours jolie, La vipère), le rejet de la figure maternelle est un des traits marquants de sa filmographie. Parce que, par le discrédit qu’il jette sur les figures de l’épouse et de la mère, il ne répond à aucun des rôles féminins déterminés par la société, le personnage de Bette Davis a quelque chose de monstrueux. N’eût-elle pas, en représentant des femmes qui défient l’ordre social, endossé les oripeaux de la figure de la sorcière, les héroïnes maléfiques qu’elle a incarnées n’auraient pas à ce point marqué les esprits.

Stylisé, affecté, maniéré, le jeu de Bette Davis n’a rien de naturel. Son style est reconnaissable entre tous : des mains agitées, des yeux scrutateurs, une élocution saccadée, une voix éraillée sous le coup de la colère sont les traits les plus saillants de sa technique de jeu. Son style aux accents hystériques, lourd de rage contenue, est le fruit d’une éducation placée sous le signe du refoulement : à dénombrer les héroïnes auxquelles elle a prêté ses traits rongées qui par le ressentiment, qui par l’envie, qui par la culpabilité, on réalise tout le parti qu’elle a tiré de son potentiel névrotique. Les rôles que Bette Davis a choisis apportent un éclairage précieux sur sa personnalité : à la lumière de sa filmographie, il apparaît que sa névrose, plus que dans la répression de ses désirs sexuels, s’enracine dans la frustration identitaire de ne pas être un homme. Il est tentant d’interpréter la théâtralité de son jeu comme l’expression de ce malaise identitaire. Que Bette Davis n’ait cessé durant sa carrière d’interpréter des femmes aux allures masculines n’est pas l’effet du hasard. Il s’en faut de loin que les traits de caractère des femmes qu’elle a incarnées répondent à l’image traditionnelle de la féminité : le goût du pouvoir et de la compétition, le courage, la dureté de cœur, la tendance autodestructrice qu’elles montrent sont autant d’attributs dans le cinéma hollywoodien du sexe fort. On ne sait s’il faut louer Bette Davis pour avoir su mieux que nulle autre actrice donner un pendant féminin à la figure du dur à cuire. En ce qu’elle a bâti sa carrière sur sa difficulté à réaliser son identité féminine, Bette Davis occupe une place unique dans le cinéma classique hollywoodien.

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Top 20 Most Rented Films of Bette Davis
in Collections, DVD Bytes
By Raquel Stecher, classic film blogger

“She’s got Bette Davis eyes.”
Today marks the 110th anniversary of the birth of Bette Davis, one of the finest actresses ever to grace the silver screen. Davis could play any part with distinction and attention to detail. She wasn’t concerned with being a glamorous movie star and would transform her appearance when it made sense for the role. She relished new parts especially if it presented her with a new challenge.

Born in Lowell, Massachusetts in 1908, it wasn’t long until Davis caught the acting bug. By her early twenties she was on Broadway and soon Hollywood came calling. But she had a rocky start. Davis began her film career as a blonde ingenue for Universal Studios and Warner Bros. While her supporting roles soon became leading roles, she was incredibly unhappy with her parts and in later years often poked fun at some of her early movies.

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It wasn’t until she delivered a knock-out performance as the complicated and unsympathetic Mildred in Of Human Bondage (1934) that things started to turn around for her. That performance earned Davis her first Academy Award nomination. And ten more nominations were to come over her long career in the business. She won twice for her lead roles in Dangerous (1935) and Jezebel (1938).

But Davis had to fight for better roles. She breached her contract with Warner Bros. and they sued her. Although she lost her legal case, she earned respect and ultimately won better roles as a result. During WWII, Davis used her star power for good when she and fellow actor John Garfield co-founded the Hollywood Canteen, a club that offered dining and entertainment for servicemen.

When I say that Davis could play any role, I mean it. She was convincing as the small town waitress with big dreams in The Petrified Forest (1936), the dying socialite in Dark Victory (1939), the ugly duckling turned swan in Now, Voyager (1942), the headstrong Southern belle in Jezebel (1939), the once celebrated and now aging beauty in Mrs. Skeffinton (1944), the disturbed former child star in Whatever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962) and the blind and cranky old widow in The Whales of August (1987). When her career began to decline in the late 1940s, Davis staged the ultimate comeback with an unforgettable performance in All About Eve (1950) where she delivered the now famous line “Fasten your seat belts. It’s going to be a bumpy night.”

As a strong and independent woman, Bette Davis forged her own path. She has inspired generations of actresses, including living legend Meryl Streep. Feisty right up until the end, Davis wasn’t afraid to back down from anything. Her life sometimes courted controversy, but no one can deny her talents for delivering performances that would keep audiences coming back for more. If you haven’t seen many of her films or want to revisit her work, here are twenty excellent Bette Davis movies to rent on DVD Netflix.

BETTE DAVIS FILMS
1. ALL ABOUT EVE
Writer-director Joseph L. Mankiewicz's sharp script anchors this story about New York City theater life, with Bette Davis playing an aging Broadway diva who employs a starstruck fan (Anne Baxter) as her assistant, only to learn the woman is a conniving upstart. The now-classic All About Eve won Oscars for Best Picture, Best Director (Mankiewicz), Best Screenplay and Best Supporting Actor (George Sanders).
2. DEATH ON THE NILE
A star-studded cast unites for this adaptation of Agatha Christie's mystery novel of the same name. A rich but reviled heiress is murdered on a cruise down the Nile. Luckily, brilliant detective Hercule Poirot (Peter Ustinov) is on board, and takes on the case. Can he find the culprit before they reach port, possibly losing him or her forever? Maggie Smith, David Niven, Bette Davis and Mia Farrow co-star in this Oscar winner for Best Costume Design.
3. NOW, VOYAGER
Bridled by an autocratic mother, Charlotte Vale (Bette Davis) borders on a nervous breakdown. But when a psychiatrist (Claude Rains) persuades Charlotte to drastically change her life, she blossoms into a confident, self-possessed woman. Charlotte then takes a voyage, where she falls in love with the unhappily married Jerry (Paul Henreid). Though their romance is doomed, Charlotte finds solace in helping Jerry's emotionally unhinged daughter.
4. THE WATCHER IN THE WOODS
No sooner does an all-American family take possession of a baronial English manor when all manner of peculiar things occur, including signs that point to the disappearance of a young girl during a solar eclipse decades before. Bette Davis stars as the woman who spends all her days searching the dense woods for her missing daughter. Lynn-Holly Johnson co-stars in Disney's suspenseful take on haunted houses.
5. DARK VICTORY
Fast living comes easy for Long Island socialite Judith Traherne (Bette Davis), who counts throwing lavish soirees, enjoying free-flowing booze and raising thoroughbreds among the many pleasures in her hedonistic existence. But a horse-jumping accident forces her to come to terms with her lifestyle -- and mortality -- when a handsome doctor (George Brent) discovers that Judith suffers from a potentially fatal brain tumor. Humphrey Bogart co-stars.
6. THE LETTER
Based on W. Somerset Maugham's novel and directed by William Wyler, this drama stars Bette Davis in one of her nastiest film roles. After shooting Geoffrey (David Newell), Leslie (Davis) tells husband Robert (Herbert Marshall) and their lawyer (James Stephenson) that it was self-defense. But Leslie's case begins to fall apart when a letter reveals that she may have planned the murder, and Geoffrey's widow (Gale Sondergaard) attempts blackmail.
7. HUSH...HUSH, SWEET CHARLOTTE
After her betrothed died from multiple ax wounds 40 years ago, everyone in town thought Charlotte Hollis (Bette Davis) was guilty. But with no evidence to convict her, she walked. Since that time, holed up in a crumbling Southern mansion with her devoted servant (Agnes Moorehead), Charlotte's been a recluse. But when an ambitious cousin (Olivia de Havilland) comes along to get her hands on the plantation, Charlotte has to defend herself.
8. RETURN FROM WITCH MOUNTAIN
In this sequel to Escape to Witch Mountain, Tony is kidnapped by a cold-hearted businesswoman and her evil scientist partner, and his sister Tina must use her supernatural powers to save him.
9. THE LITTLE FOXES
Conniving, turn-of-the-century, Southern aristocrat Regina Giddens values nothing more than wealth and social position. When she and her two brothers scheme mercilessly to make a fortune on a new cotton mill, Regina lets nothing stand in her way.

10. DEAD RINGER
Twins Edith and Margaret (Bette Davis in a dual role) both desire a wealthy Spaniard, but Margaret marries him under false pretense in this dark tale from director Paul Henreid about a vengeful sister who assumes her twin's identity. Years later, widowed Margaret lives the high life, while Edith can't afford lunch. Edith kills Margaret and takes her place, but arouses the suspicion of a detective (Karl Malden) and Margaret's lover (Peter Lawford).
11. JEZEBEL
Headstrong coquette Julie Marsden loves to kindle competition among men in the antebellum South, which eventually drives her fiancé away. She vows to win back her man, but her scheming goes awry, resulting in another suitor's demise.
12. IN THIS OUR LIFE
A week before her wedding to lawyer Craig Fleming (George Brent), Stanley Timberlake (Bette Davis) seduces her sister's husband and the two run off together, setting off a melodramatic chain of events that forever changes all involved. Davis sinks her teeth into the showy role of a hellacious home wrecker, only to be matched by Olivia de Havilland's understated turn as the good sister in this juicy drama directed by the great John Huston.

13. MR. SKEFFINGTON
To keep her embezzling brother out of jail, Fanny Trellis (Bette Davis) weds the very rich Job Skeffington (Claude Rains), but she seeks a divorce when her sibling, angry about Fanny's one-sided union, runs off to war and gets killed.Coquettish Fanny takes up with a host of men until diphtheria spoils her trademark beauty. Davis earned an Oscar nod for her portrayal of a narcissistic socialite who gets her comeuppance in this bittersweet tale.
14. POCKETFUL OF MIRACLES
In Frank Capra's final directing effort, bag lady Apple Annie (Bette Davis) convinces her long-absent daughter (Ann-Margret) that she's a wealthy socialite. The daughter, who grew up in Europe, plans a trip with her aristocratic fiancée and his family to visit Annie. Into the middle of this crisis steps small-time gangster Dave the Dude (Glenn Ford), his girlfriend (Hope Lange) and his henchmen, all of whom transform Annie into Lady Manville.
15. THE OLD MAID
Bette Davis stars as Charlotte, an unwed mother who, out of financial need, gives her illegitimate child, Tina, to her scheming cousin (Miriam Hopkins). Posing as Tina's aunt, Charlotte is ignored by her own daughter but maintains a constant presence in the girl's life. Embittered by her old maid status, her daughter's constant dismissals and her cousin Delia's toxic meddling, Charlotte takes action when Tina comes of age. George Brent co-stars.
16. THE MAN WHO CAME TO DINNER
Arrogant lecturer Sheridan Whiteside (Monty Woolley) overstays his welcome in an Ohio family's home in this rollicking adaptation of the hit Broadway play. Whiteside slips on the ice on the way to dinner and finds himself on bed rest in his host's home. He takes advantage of his vantage point and sets himself on fixing the family's problems. The stellar supporting cast includes Bette Davis, Billie Burke, Richard Travis and Reginald Gardiner.
17. THE GREAT LIE
In director Edmund Goulding's engrossing melodrama, rivals Maggie Patterson (Bette Davis), a refined Southern socialite, and Sandra Kovack (Mary Astor), a vitriolic concert pianist, vie for the affections of reckless flyboy Pete Van Allen (George Brent). When tragedy intervenes, circumstances propel the women into each other's company. Astor chalked up a richly deserved Academy Award for her sensational supporting performance.
18. ALL THIS, AND HEAVEN TOO
French governess Henriette Deluzy-Desportes (Bette Davis) is the prime suspect when the wife (Barbara O'Neil, in an Oscar-nominated performance) of the handsome Duc de Praslin (Charles Boyer) is found dead. Henriette was in love with the duke -- but would she actually kill to be with him? Based on the novel by Rachel Field, which documents a real-life scandal, this classic drama also earned Oscar nods for Best Picture and Best Cinematography.

19. DECEPTION
Christine Radcliffe (Bette Davis) thought her lover, cellist Karel Novak (Paul Henreid), was killed in the war. But when he unexpectedly strolls back into her life, she's forced to hide the fact that she's been having an affair with prominent composer Alexander Hollenius (Claude Rains). Christine's efforts to conceal her actions are hampered by Hollenius's insistence on sabotaging Novak's career, which prompts her to take drastic measures.

20. WATCH ON THE RHINE
As World War II looms, undercover anti-fascism organizer Kurt Muller (Paul Lukas, in an Oscar-winning turn) moves his wife, Sara (Bette Davis), and family from Europe to America, where Kurt is blackmailed by a Nazi sympathizer and driven to take drastic measures. Based on Lillian Hellman's play and adapted for the screen by her lover, author Dashiell Hammett (The Maltese Falcon), this classic spy drama earned multiple Oscar nominations.
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Bette Davis
PROFILE

Bette Davis

Birth: April 5, 1908
Massachusetts, USA

Death: October 6, 1989
Paris, France

Childhood

Bette Davis was born as Ruth Elizabeth Davis on April 5, 1908 in Massachusetts. Bette was the first child of newlyweds Ruth and Harlow Davis. Harlow was still going to law school and was not happy about being a father so soon. He felt the same way when Bette’s sister Bobby was born a year later. He was cold towards the girls and their mother tried to make up for it by showering Bette with attention and affection. In 1915, Ruth and Harlow divorced and the two girls would rarely see their father again. Money was tight after the divorce and Ruth took on odd jobs to sent her daughters to good boarding schools.

When Bette was eighteen, she saw the Henrik Ibsen play The Wild Duck and was mesmerized. That’s when Bette knew she wanted to be an actress. She enrolled in the Anderson/Milton school of Theatre and Dance. Although she loved it there, she left school to be a part of George Cukor’s stock theatre company and become a working actress. In 1929, Bette made her Broadway debut in Broken Dishes. It didn’t take long for Hollywood to notice her: in 1930 she was offered a contract by Universal Studio. Bette and her mother, who went everywhere with her, moved to Los Angeles. But the studio did not know what to do with Bette since she didn’t look like the standard glamorous actress. After a year and small roles in six unsuccessful films, Universal did not renew her contract.

Road To Success

Actor George Arliss called and offered her the female lead in his film The Man Who Played God. She happily accepted and signed a contract with big-budget studio Warner Bros. So naturally she was disappointed when Warner Bros. put her in B-movies that weren’t very successful. Her personal life was looking up though: her high-school boyfriend Harmon ‘Ham’ Nelson had moved to California and they had started dating again. On August 18, 1932 the two were married. But her career took precedence and she reportedly had two abortions during her marriage to Ham, because she was told a child would damage her career.
Bette’s real break-out as a star was her role as Mildred in Of Human Bondage in 1934. Bette’s next film Dangerous was a big hit as well. But Bette’s marriage was unravelling at this point. Ham struggled with the fact that Bette made more money than him and he felt that she had changed since becoming a star.
While her personal life was faltering, her career was going better than ever. In March 1936 she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in Dangerous. But Warner Bros. still put her in mediocre films, so she accepted an offer to appear in two films in England, without Warner Bros. consent. The case was brought to court in England and Bette hoped to get out of her contract. She lost the case, as well as a lot of money on legal fees. Surprisingly, there were no hard feelings: Warner Bros. even gave her a raise when she came back for work. They also signed her up to star in a good quality film: Jezebel. She thrived under director William Wyler’s direction and subsequently began an affair with him. She later called him the love of her life.
Jezebel was a huge success and earned her another Academy Award. Bette was now one of the top box-office draws in the country. Her affair with William was tempestuous though and they broke up after filming. She quickly fell for another man: the infamous Howard Hughes. But this time her husband found out and he used his evidence of her affair to file for divorce. She was emotional about the end of her marriage and threw herself into her work, as she always did. Her next film Dark Victory was another success and the first of four box-office hits Bette had in 1939. By the end of the year, Bette was exhausted and depressed. She went to Massachusetts, where she had grown up, to recover. There, she met innkeeper Arthur Farnsworth and the two began dating. She went back to work with new vigour and her next movie All This, And Heaven Too was another success. In December 1940 Bette and Arthur got married. Bette now split her time between her farmhouse with Arthur in New Hampshire and Los Angeles. Soon after the wedding, Bette started shooting Little Foxes with old love William Wyler. But this time they clashed tremendously and William vowed never to work with her again. In 1942 the attack on Pearl Harbour shocked America and Bette spent months selling war bonds and performed for the black regiments as the only white performer in an acting troupe. She went on to film Now, Voyager, which became another big hit. She was now one of the biggest stars in Hollywood. But her most important project was the founding of the Hollywood Canteen, where Hollywood stars entertained servicemen. Bette made sure there was a big Hollywood star every night and the Canteen was very popular among servicemen. She later revealed that it was one of the accomplishments in her life that she was the most proud of.
Meanwhile, her marriage to Arthur was not going well. Arthur turned out to be an alcoholic and Bette was so busy with filming and the Canteen, that they rarely saw each other. Bette tried to fix their marriage by spending more time in New Hampshire, but the couple fought a lot. In August, 1943 Arthur was in Hollywood walking along a street, when he collapsed. He had suffered an untreated skull fracture some weeks earlier, which caused his collapse. He passed away two days later.

Motherhood

In 1945 World War II ended and so did the Hollywood Canteen, which had entertained hundreds of thousands of service men. In the meantime, Bette had met William Sherry at a cocktail party and the pair soon got married. Still, Bette went right back to work after the wedding. She filmed The Corn is Green, A Stolen Life and Deception back to back. But Bette stopped working for the first time in a long time, when she found out that she was pregnant. On May 1, 1947 she gave birth to Barbara Davis Sherry. The baby was named after Bette’s sister, but would always be called by her initials B.D.
Bette went back to work a few months later and Warner Bros. offered Bette a new contract that paid her $10,000 weekly. She was now the highest paid woman in the United States. But Bette was furious when, once again, she did not get to pick her own films and was cast in another failure, Beyond the Forest. She was released from her contract at her own request. To her great dismay, she did not receive much film offers as a freelance actress. Meanwhile, her marriage to William had been crumbling since B.D.’s birth, with William claiming that Bette was not interested in him anymore and Bette claiming that William had become violent and abusive. In 1950, she filed for divorce.
But her luck was changing: she was offered the role of Margot Channing in All About Eve. The film came with an added bonus: she fell in love with her co-star Gary Merrill. The pair got married on 28 July, 1950, but Bette later admitted they had fallen in love with each other’s characters in All About Eve, rather than who they were in real life. Still, Bette was determined to make this marriage work. Professionally, she was basking in the glow of the success of All About Eve. The film was seen as a masterpiece and received fourteen Academy Award nominations. It was the movie that saved her by now faltering career and cemented her status as a Hollywood icon. In January 1951, Bette and Gary adopted a baby girl they named Margot, after Bette’s character in All About Eve. In January 1952, they adopted a baby boy they named Michael.

Trouble Ahead

Bette’s next films were not box-office hits and her career began to falter once again. In 1952 she signed on to do the Broadway show Two’s Company, for which she was ill-equipped. It was a rough time for Bette all around: she was hospitalized with a bacterial infection in her jaw and at the same time her daughter Margot’s behaviour became increasingly erratic. A doctor diagnosed her with brain damage and told Bette and Gary that she would never have an IQ over 60. They eventually placed her in an institution. The fights between Bette and Gary continued and their drinking habits did not help. Bette sought refuge in work again and made The Virgin Queen, Storm Center and The Catered Affair back to back. None of them were big hits. Her marriage was over by this point and Bette filed for divorce in 1960. Followed by four years of court battles over his visitation rights. Meanwhile, Bette’s mother Ruth became sick and passed away. This devastated Bette who, despite frequent fights, had always been close to her mother. She became introspective and looked back on her life when she released her memoir The Lonely Life in 1962. But court battles, supporting her mother and sister, a luxury lifestyle and private schools for her children had left Bette struggling financially. So she took on a supporting role in the Tennessee Williams play The Night of the Iguana. She hated performing on Broadway again and was a bundle of nerves every night, while alienating the cast and crew with her attitude. She left the show after four months.
When Bette received the script for the horror film What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?, she liked it immediately. It was mostly the money that made her sign on though, since she wasn’t keen on working with her nemesis Joan Crawford. The atmosphere was frosty on set, but What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? became a big success and Bette revelled in the renewed attention. Sixteen year-old B.D. was also feeling good: she had fallen in love with producer Jeremy Hyman, aged twenty-nine. Initially Bette was not happy with B.D. being with a man nearly twice her age, but she agreed to pay for the lavish wedding the pair had in 1963.
Baby Jane had been such a hit, that Bette and Joan were cast together in another horror film: Hush…Hush, Sweet Charlotte. But tensions ran even higher this time around and Joan withdrew due to stress and exhaustion. Olivia de Havilland replaced her and the film became another hit. Though film offers were scarcer then she anticipated, Bette did star in The Nanny, The Anniversary and Connecting Rooms between 1965 and 1970. Meanwhile, she had become a grandmother when B.D. had her first child. The relationship between Bette and B.D. was a strained one though. Bette did not like her son-in-law and still had to support the couple financially, while B.D. felt that Bette interfered in her life too much and was manipulative. With her son Michael having found love too and her sister Bobby moving to Phoenix to live with her daughter, Bette was now living alone. She toured Australia and England with a show called Bette Davis in Person and on Film. She was considered a Grand Dame of cinema around the world now and she enjoyed that status. Still, she was lonely and often found herself depressed. So she accepted an offer to star on Broadway once more, in spite of her earlier disappointments there. But when Miss Moffat was torn apart by critics, she left citing a back injury. She went on to star in the films Burnt Offerings and The Disappearance of Aimee, but was difficult on set and later complained about the ‘TV-mentality’ of ‘The New Hollywood’.

The Final Years

In 1977, Bette got a Lifetime Achievement Award. She was incredibly honoured and also happy that it caused a resurgence in her career. Bette had moved to Connecticut to be closer to her daughter, but their constant fighting and her new film offers caused her to go back to L.A. In 1979 she hired Kathryn Sermak as a personal assistant. It made her feel less alone and they would be close until the end of Bette’s life. In that same year, her sister Bobby passed away, which saddened her deeply. Again, she threw herself into work and she earned an Emmy Award for her work in the TV-movie Strangers and played opposite fellow Hollywood legend James Stewart in Right of Way. Her name became well-known with younger audiences thanks to the hit song Bette Davis Eyes by Kim Carnes, for which she was grateful.

In 1983 Bette was diagnosed with breast cancer and underwent a mastectomy. Just as she was about to be released from the hospital, she suffered four strokes, which left her partially paralyzed. Recovering was agony for Bette, who yelled and cursed at the hospital staff. But she slowly learned to use her muscles again. She even worked again, appearing in a small role in Murder with Mirrors, but she was shocked to see how old and frail she looked in the film. Her daughter B.D. and her husband anounced that they had become born-again Christians, which stunned Bette. But she was in for a bigger surprise when her daughter released My Mother’s Keeper, a tell-all book about their relationship. Bette was portrayed as an overbearing, selfish and manipulative alcoholic. She was absolutely devastated and many people were outraged on her behalf that the book was published just when Bette was so frail. Bette would never speak to B.D. again and she started working on her own memoir This ‘N That. The last years of her life, she went on talk shows and travelled to accept career achievement awards, which she loved to get. On September 22, 1989 Bette collapsed while accepting a award in Spain. She was taken to The American Hospital in Paris, where they found out the cancer had returned. She passed away there on October 6, 1989. Bette Davis was buried next to her mother and sister and her tombstone read ‘She did it the hard way’, as she had requested.

Bette davis facts
FACTS

Facts: Bette Davis

Read facts you never knew about Bette Davis:

Bette had been a decorated Girl Scout as a child and even became a Girl Scout leader as an adult, despite her busy career.

Bette was so close to her mother Ruth and sister Bobby that they called themselves the ‘three musketeers’ and they lived with or close to each other on and off throughout their lives.

She hated her debut screen test for Universal Pictures so much, that she ran from the projection room and figured that she wasn’t made to appear in movies.

bette davis facts

When Bette got hired by Universal, they felt that she wasn’t sexy enough for a lot of roles. In fact, Bette overheard an executive say: ‘She’s got as much sex-appeal as Slim Summerville. Who wants to get her at the end of the picture?’.

At the time, actresses were supposed to be beautiful and glamorous in movies. Therefore, many actresses rejected the role of Mildred in Human Bondage. Bette actually wanted to play the ugly and unsympathetic Mildred and went all out in the role. People around her predicted it would be the end of her career, but it actually resulted in her first Academy Awards nomination.

Bette’s court case to get out of her contract at Warner Bros. was seen as self-indulgent at the time. She was even called a ‘naughty young lady’ at the trial. Only six years later, Olivia de Havilland had a similar court case and won.

When her second husband Arthur Farnsworth died from an untreated skull fracture, rumours were rampant that Bette had caused it by pushing him during one of their fights. There was even an inquest, but Bette was cleared of the accusations.

Bette Davis facts3

Bette was the first female president of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences. But since she rejected the idea of being just a figurehead, she faced major resistance from the committee and resigned quickly.

Although What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? was very successful, Bette struggled to find roles after that due to her age. So she placed an employment ad in The Hollywood Reporter in which she described herself as ‘mobile still and more affable then rumor would have it’. Some thought it was funny, though others saw it as a sad cry for attention.  

Before her falling out with her daughter B.D., Bette and her then 11-year old grandson Ashley starred in the film Family Reunion together.

Bette’s money was mostly spent on supporting her family. She financially supported her mother, sister and daughter and son-in-law for almost her entire life and had to pay large sums of money to her ex-husbands as well.

Bette davis facts

Her daughter B.D. became a born-again Christian and tried to convert Bette, who refused. B.D. then released a tell-all book about her mother and became a minister. She now runs the B.D. Hyman Ministry and has a religious YouTube channel.

Bette was the first actor of any gender to receive 7,8,9 and 10 Academy Award Nominations in the acting categories.

‘She did it the hard way’ is written on her sarcophagus, as per her request.

One of her Academy Awards was up for auction in 2002. Steven Spielberg bought it and donated it back to the Academy.

https://www.classichollywoodcentral.com/cat/profile/

Biographie Bette Davis

Sa carrière s'étend sur une soixantaine d'années et elle participera à plus de cent films. L'on comprend aisément qu'elle ait hérité des surnoms fort évocateurs de « Reine d'Hollywood » ou encore « Première Dame du cinéma américain ».

Premiers pas au théâtre et au cinéma

Bette Davis passe sa petite enfance dans la ville de Boston où elle grandit aux côtés de Barbara Davis, sa sœur et de Ruth Davis, sa mère laquelle se sépare de son époux en 1915.

Bette Davis monte sur scène pour la première fois dans le cadre d'une représentation scolaire et joue le rôle d'une fée dans « Le songe d'une nuit d'été ».

Peu après, elle décide de s'initier à la danse auprès de Martha Graham. Pendant la même période, la jeune femme fréquente l'École d'Arts Dramatiques de John Murray Anderson sise à New York pendant trois ans.

Elle fait ses débuts au théâtre en 1928 lorsqu'elle intègre la troupe de George Cukor. Le succès arrive en 1929 lorsque la jeune comédienne joue dans « The earth between » produit dans un théâtre new-yorkais.
Fort de ce succès, Bette Davis intègre officiellement les scènes de Broadway et offre une prestation théâtrale dans « Broken Dishes ».

Après deux ans de scène, elle se fait remarquer par les studios Universal Pictures. Elle apparaît pour la première fois sur les écrans en 1931 dans « The bad sister ».

Bien qu'ayant vécu une expérience enrichissante, celle-ci ne fut pas déterminante pour la carrière de Bette Davis dont le contrat auprès d'Universal Pictures ne sera pas renouvelé.

Elle aura d'autres expériences décevantes auprès d'autres maisons de production comme Columbia Pictures ou encore RKO.

Alors qu'elle est sur le point de revenir à son premier amour à savoir le théâtre, elle est contactée par l'acteur George Arliss qui lui donne l'opportunité d'interpréter le rôle principal à ses côtés dans « L'homme qui jouait à être Dieu » produit par la Warner Bros et qui sortira en 1932, année de son mariage avec Harmon O. Nelson qui durera six ans.

Le film rencontre un franc succès et Bette Davis obtient un contrat chez Warner Bros.


Un succès phénoménal

Ses débuts chez Warner Bross sont plutôt laborieux. Bette Davis doit batailler fort au sein d'une maison de production qui mise surtout sur les acteurs et produit principalement des films de gangsters.

N'étant pas du genre à se laisser faire, l'actrice sait néanmoins se faire entendre et tourne dans 25 films en l'espace de quatre ans.

Entre temps, Bette Davis met la pression à la Warner pour interpréter Mildred Roger dans le film « L'emprise » qu'elle tournera peu après. Elle se mettra dans la peau d'une femme odieuse voire détestable.

L'actrice reçoit une excellente critique mais le succès commercial n'est pas au rendez-vous.

En 1936, c'est la consécration lorsqu'elle interprète le rôle de Joyce Heath dans « L'intruse ». Sa fabuleuse prestation lui vaut de remporter l'Oscar de la meilleure actrice.

S'ensuit alors une période plutôt difficile : après s'être vue refuser des rôles auxquels elle aspirait, elle est affectée à des productions réellement médiocres. Bette Davis décide alors de s'envoler pour Londres et de quitter la maison de production qui lui intente un procès.Bette Davis est perdante. Elle restera finalement au sein de la Warner Bros où se verra, malgré tout, proposer des bons rôles.

En 1937, son come-back à Hollywood se fait sous les meilleurs auspices. Elle apparaît dans « Femmes Marquées » où elle donne la réplique au grand Humphrey Bogart.

Elle participe ensuite à des films spécialement créés pour elle. Avoir avoir refusé le rôle principal dans « Autant en emporte le vent », elle joue dans « L'insoumise » qui lui vaudra son second Oscar.

La carrière de Bette Davis est bien lancée et celle-ci fera encore plus fort dans les années qui suivent. Elle enchaînera les succès et l'on citera entre autres « La lettre » réalisé en 1940 qui fut également l'année de son mariage avec Arthur Farnsworth qui décède trois ans plus tard, « La vipère » réalisé en 1941 ou encore « Une femme cherche son destin » réalisé en 1942 .

En tout, elle sera nominé sept fois aux oscars pendant les années 1940.

En 1945, elle se remarie avec William Grant Sherry avec qui elle a une fille, Barbara. 1949 est sa dernière année chez Warner, pendant laquelle elle apparaît dans « La garce ».

En plus de quitter cette maison de production, elle se sépare également de son mari.


Fin de carrière

A la fin des années 1940, Bette Davis se sent libre mais ne met pas pour autant sa carrière entre parenthèse. Elle entame immédiatement le tournage de « L'ambitieuse » qui sortira bien des années plus tard.

En 1950, elle interprète le rôle de Margo Channing dans « Ève », considéré par beaucoup comme étant le plus beau film de toute sa carrière.

Elle obtiendra d'ailleurs une nomination aux oscars. Cette même année, elle se marie avec son partenaire à l'écran Gary Merill. Le couple adoptera une petite fille prénommée Margot et un petit garçon prénommé Michael avant de se séparer en 1960, après dix ans de mariage.

Après avoir atteint les sommets de la gloire, Bette Davis semble être en fin de carrière. Les années 1950 sont mornes mis à part « La star » réalisé en 1952 et pour lequel elle obtient une nomination aux Oscars.

Au début de la décennie suivante, Bette Davis renoue une nouvelle fois avec le succès dans « Milliardaire pour un jour » et « Qu'est-il arrivé à Baby Jane » en 1961.

En 1962, l'actrice n'a plus aucune proposition de tournage et envoie une annonce dans un journal hollywoodien. Cette annonce est remarquée par un haut responsable de la Warner Bros qui lui propose de tourner dans « La mort frappe trois fois » qui sortira en 1964.

Cette même année, elle apparaît dans « Chut... Chut, chère Charlotte ».

En fin de carrière, Bette Davis, ne tourne plus autant qu'avant. Elle fait toutefois une apparition magistrale dans « L'argent de la vieille » réalisée en 1972 et dans « Les baleines du mois d'août » en 1987.

A la fin de sa vie, son parcours est quelque peu terne : elle participe à des petits films tout en faisant quelques apparitions à la télévision et au théâtre.

Elle rendra son dernier souffle à l'âge de 81 ans dans la ville française de Neuilly-sur-Seine.


Bette Davis, la garce ultime du grand écran

« J'étais une terreur légendaire ». L'actrice culte de l'âge d'or de Hollywood, Bette Davis, était tout aussi impitoyable hors écran que sur grand écran. Tour à tour meurtrière, perverse, manipulatrice ou sorcière dans la plupart de ses rôles, celle dont un seul petit mouvement de la bouche ou des yeux pouvait provoquer l'effroi, restera, à jamais, la mieux à même de jouer les Cruella au cinéma.

Publié le MERCREDI, 05 AVRIL 2017

par Claire Bonnot


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Laurence Olivier (1907-1989)